QA Tutorial | A Beginner Guide to Learn Quality Assurance(QA)

What is Quality Assurance?

Quality Assurance is also referred to as QA testing. It is defined as an activity aimed at ensuring that an organization provides the best product or service to the customers. It involves evaluating software according to performance, adaptability, and functionality. Yet, software quality assurance extends beyond software quality; it also comprises the quality process used for developing, testing, and release of software products. QA focuses on the software development cycle, which includes the management of software requirements, design, coding, testing, and release. It is a set of activities which defines procedures and standards for product development.

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Quality assurance is a systematic process of creating an environment to make sure that software currently under development satisfies quality requirements. This process is monitored and identified at the management level. It is a preventative process aimed at establishing the right methodology and standard aimed at providing a quality environment for the product in development. Quality assurance focuses on process standards, project audits, and development procedures. QA is focused on process improvements for delivering quality products.

Quality Assurance Criteria:

In order to guarantee a good software score on these quality attributes, we require the below software Quality Assurance.

• Maintainability: Maintainability is another important factor in determining software quality. It involves identifying the problem and fixing it within the software. It is expected to be stable once the changes are implemented.
• Functionality: Software quality is defined as the effectiveness of software interacting with other parts of the system. The software should deliver suitable functions according to the requirements, and these functions shall be performed properly.
• Usability: The software quality is determined by the ease with which a user could understand the software functions and the efforts needed to follow these functions.
• Probability: Software portability is defined as the ease with which a system can adjust to changing specifications. Software quality depends on system portability, ease of installation of software, and ease of replacing the orders’ components in a specific environment.
• Reliability: The ability of the software to function under particular conditions for a fixed period of time.
• Efficiency: The effectiveness of the software depends on the architecture and coding practices used in the development.

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How can we provide quality assurance?

The entire quality assurance process should determine the cycle known as the PDCA cycle. PCDA refers to the cycle Plan, Do, Check and Act.

Plan: The organization must plan and set objectives in relation to the process and identify the process necessary for the delivery of a high-quality final product.

Do: Develop and test processes and modify the methods.

Check: Process monitoring, changes in methods, and Verify if it meets predefined objectives.

Act: Take the necessary steps to improve the process.

Any organization should use quality assurance to make sure that their product is designed and implemented as per appropriate procedures. It will assist in reducing problems and mistakes in the final product.

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What kind of quality assurance functions are available?

There are five kinds of quality assurance functions.

• Documentation: This function controls how documents are distributed and archived. All document changes consist of adopting appropriate change control procedures.
• Validation: For the complete system, a master plan for validation is prepared. Resource planning for the implementation of a validation plan is carried out.
  
• Technology Transfer: The function is to obtain a project design document along with trial and error data and their evaluation. Documents are distributed, verified, and then approved.
• It also includes quality improvement plans.
• The quality assurance function includes product quality assurance as well.

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QA Components:

Software quality assurance consists of six categories of components.

Pre-project Plan: It will make sure that the resources needed for the project schedule and the budgets are clearly defined. Plan to develop and ensure quality is established. Pre-project components include development plan, Schedules, resources required, quality plan, risk evaluation, and project methodology. 

Project Lifecycle Component: There are usually two stages to the life cycle of a project. They are the development stage and Operation Maintenance Stage.

Development Stage: In this stage, software quality assurance assists in the identification of design and programming errors. This stage is further divided into subclasses. They include Expert Opinions, Reviews, and Software testing.

Operation Maintenance Stage: This stage covers development lifecycle components along with special components with the objective of improving maintenance tasks.

Prevention and improvement of infrastructural errors components: The main purpose of this component is to prevent software failures and minimize the error rate. Prevention and improvement of infrastructural errors components include Templates and checklists, Process and Work Instructions, Staff training, maintenance and certification, Configuration management, corrective and preventive actions, and documentation control.

Quality Management components: This category is responsible for the activities involved in Controlling development and maintenance. They provide management control over software development projects. The main purpose of the management component is to ensure that the project does not exceed the budget or be overdue. Quality Management component includes Software quality costs and metrics and project process Control.

QA assessment, standardization, and certification Components: These components are aimed at implementing international management and professional standards throughout the organization. These components contribute to better coordination between organizational quality systems and set standards for the project process. This category includes the components like project process and quality management standards. 

Software QA Organizing, human elements: The primary purpose of this category of components is to launch and support the implementation of software QA components, determine any deviations from predefined software quality assurance methods, procedures, and recommended enhancements. The Software QA Organizational team includes testers, test managers, SQA forum members, and the SQA unit committee.

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Various Software Quality Assurance Tools:

Software quality assurance is achieved through a variety of quality assurance tools. A variety of quality assurance tools are necessary for a variety of purposes. For complete quality assurance of the software, you will need the following category of quality assurance tools, also known as quality assurance software.

• Customer Support
• Code Reviews
  • Peer Code Reviews
  • Automates Code Analysis
• Infrastructure
  • Source Control
  • Release Management
• Monitoring and Analytics
  • Exception Handling
  • Availability Monitoring
  • Log Monitoring
  • Business Analytics
  • Security Testing and Monitoring
  • Performance Monitoring

[Related Article:What is QA]

• Testing
  • Browser, Device, and OS Testing
  • Bug and Issue Tracking
  • Test management
  • Usability Testing
  • Automates Testing and Continuous Integration
  • Load Testing

Conclusion:

Quality Assurance practices of software help us to make sure that software quality is consistent with customer requirements. The primary objective of SQA professionals is to implement the required processes and obtain the appropriate quality assurance tool, which will assist us in releasing high-quality software.

In this tutorial, we have provided all the essential information related to the Quality Assurance of a product. For more information about quality assurance, follow the HKR training courses.